Liver spots is a skin disorder characterized by flat patches of increased pigmentation, associated with aging or sun exposure.

Alternative Names

Sun-induced skin changes - liver spots; Senile lentigines; Lentigos; Skin spots - aging; Age spots

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Liver spots are pigmentary changes associated with older skin. The increased pigmentation may be brought on by aging, exposure to sun or other forms of ultraviolet light, or other unknown causes. Liver spots are extremely common after 40 years old. They occur most often on the backs of the hands, on the forearms, shoulder, face, and forehead. These are the areas of highest sun exposure. They are harmless and painless, but they may affect the cosmetic appearance. Occasionally, liver spots may mask the diagnosis of skin cancers.

Signs and tests

Diagnosis is based on the appearance of the skin, especially with a history of increased age or sun exposure.

Treatment

No treatment is needed in most cases. Cosmetic appearance may be improved by the use of skin bleaching lotions or creams. Cryotherapy (freezing) or laser treatment may be recommended to destroy the liver spot.

Expectations (prognosis)

Liver spots are not medically dangerous. They are permanent skin changes that may affect cosmetic appearance.

Complications

Psychological distress from changes in cosmetic appearance is a possible complication.

Calling your health care provider

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if liver spots are present and removal is desired, or if any new symptoms develop, particularly changes in the appearance of any skin lesion .

Prevention

Protect the skin from the sun. Wear protective clothing such as hats, long-sleeved shirts, long skirts, or pants. Use sunglasses to protect the eyes. Sunlight is most intense at midday, so try to avoid exposure during these hours. Use high quality sunscreens, preferably with SPF (sun protection factor) ratings of at least 15. Apply sunscreen at least a half hour before exposure, and reapply frequently. Use sunscreen for winter exposure also.